Volkswagen Passat Sedan FWD

Basic Specs

Body style: Sedan

Seating capacity: 5

Engine: 3.6L V-6 24 valve DOHC direct gasoline injection

Engine horsepower: 280hp @ 6,200RPM

Engine torque: 265 lb.-ft. @ 2,750RPM

Transmission: 6 speed automatic

Drivetrains: front-wheel

Curb weight: 3,576lbs (1,622kg)

Miles per gallon (city/hwy): 19/28

Performance Specs

0-60 mph: 6.0 seconds

Lateral acceleration (g): .9

Payload: 1,177lbs (534kg)

Power-to-weight ratio: 12.8 lb/hp

2007 BMW 5 Series Sedan

BMW's 5 Series sedans are renowned for their sports-car-like performance and handling. The top-of-the-line 550i is the priciest and most powerful version (the V10-powered M5 is in a league of its own) and like the 525 and 530 models, it receives only minor updates for 2007, most of which are high-tech gadgets. Styling and major mechanical components carry over unchanged.

Primary among the new high-tech upgrades is an enhanced BMW Assist safety/communication system (similar to General Motors’ OnStar) that offers services like collision assistance and stolen vehicle recovery. A new TeleService function alerts owners of maintenance/repair needs and contacts them to set up an appointment at a local dealership. Every 5 Series model now comes with four years of BMW Assist; by comparison, it is a $685-per-year option on the 3 Series.

The 2007 550i gains an input that allows iPods and other portable devices to be played through the vehicle’s audio system. A high-definition (HD) radio receiver is newly optional ($500). This new system, which debuted on the 2006 6 Series, delivers CD-quality digital sound on FM stations that broadcast in the new format, with FM-quality audio on AM stations. Unlike satellite radio, HD radio is free, all broadcasts are local in nature and the radio units can receive standard analog broadcasts in addition to HD digital programming. As of spring 2006, more than 700 stations across the U.S. were broadcasting in HD radio, with more than 3,000 committed to adding the new format.

Another new high-tech option is the BMW Night Vision system ($2,200). Similar to systems offered by Mercedes-Benz and Lexus, Night Vision uses a thermal imaging camera to display a view of the road ahead on the vehicle’s navigation system screen and help expose objects otherwise undetectable by the naked eye.

The 5 Series line underwent a major makeover for the 2004 model year that included a new platform, powertrains and radically different styling. The 550i received a larger V8 for 2006 and a name change in the process — it was previously called the 545i.

The 550i comes only as a sedan and with rear-wheel drive. Those looking for all-wheel drive must step down to the six-cylinder-powered 525xi or 530xi. A wagon variant is available only as the 530xi Sport Wagon.

SUBARU IMPREZA H&R

SUBARU IMPREZA adalah sejenis kereta yang dikaitkan dengan sukan rally.

LAMBORGHINI COUNTACH

Ini satu lagi LAMBORGHINIyang saya paparkan dalam ZULIA-CARINFO


LAMBORGHINI COUNTRACHadalah kereta sport yang dihasilkan oleh pengeluar kereta Italy pada sekitar tahun 1974. Bentuk LAMBORGHINI COUNTACHadalah popular dengan bentuk "baji" (wedge-shape) dengan sudut yang tajam (sharply angle) sesuai sebagai kereta berprestasi tinggi (performance supercars).

"COUNTACH" adalah perkataan yang disebut bagi menggambarkan betapa cantiknya dan kekaguman kereta tersebut ibarat cantik dan anggunnya seorang gadis sehingga apabila terpandang kereta LAMBORGHINI COUNTACH maka terkeluarlah dari mulut bunyi " wwaaa".

CAR INFO.zulia

LAMBORGHINI
For peoples who interested the valuables car.



Saya tidak pernah melihat langsung kereta ini di atas jalan di tempat saya. Mungkin di bandar-bandar besar seperti Kuala Lumpur, Ipoh, Georgetown dan Johor Bahru banyak kereta ini.

Orang putih kata GREAT, MARVELLOUS, EXOTIC …. Dan sebagainya lagi. Bagi saya mungkin tidak mampu memilikinya. Sekadar tengok dan menceritakan kepada kawan-kawan pun sudah cukup puas. HOW’S YOUR COMMENT?

Lamborghini ada banyak model, tapi yang kita ingin tengok dan kenali hanya 3 model sahaja iaitu;

• LAMBORGHINI DIABLO
• LAMBORGHINI GALLARDO
• LAMBORGHINI MURCIELAGO

Anda hendak lihat gambar?

Sebenarnya dahulu saya bercita-cita hendak jadi seorang PEMANDU F1 CAR. Tapi, cita-cita itu tidak ke mana. Zaman 1990an itu Malaysia tidak berapa kenal pasal FI. Jadi, saya pun terpaksalah padamkan cita-cita itu, tetapi saya minat buat koleksi car toys.

Cakap pasal LAMBORGHINI, sebenarnya memang hebat.

HYUNDAI BARU

Hari-hari tengok gambar kereta ni. Cantik betul. Bila nak dapat tak tau la?

Seminar Perniagaan Internet SaifulSham,
Baca Kisah-Kisah Mereka Yang Telah Berjaya Di Sini
SPESIFIKASI KERETA

1.Jenis Enjin: 4 selinder, 16 Valve DOHC Fuel CCVT
2.Kemampuan Selinder (cc):1975
3.Kelajuan Maksimum (ps/rpm): 143/ 6000
4.Torque Maksimum (kg.m/rpm): 19.0/ 4600

HYUNDAI ELANTRA 2.0L CVVT

HYUNDAI ELANTRA 2.0L CVVT

KEINGINAN MANUSIA AMAT LUAS DAN TIDAK TERBATAS
lantaran itu, dalam kehidupan seharian manusia akan sentiasa berusaha untuk mencapai keinginannya.

DILANCARKAN PADA TAHUN 2008
Suatu penghasilan yang melambangkan betapa dinamiknya perkembangan industri kereta HYUNDAI. Ia menetapkan taraf baru dari segi prestige, value dan kelas tersendiri.

Bentuknya yang unik dan bergaya bagi mereka yang mengutamakan gaya(style)keanggunan dan status.

Guna enjin 2.0 liter CVVT berkonfigurasi (rupa bentuk) DOHC dengan gabungan transmisi automotik untuk menjimatkan petrol.

Ujian penggunaan bahan api menunjukkan kereta ini mampu bergerak sejauh 14.08 km /liter bagi jalan lebuhraya dan 11.9 km/liter untuk pemanduan di dalam bandar. mampu menjana 143 kuasa kuda dan 19 kg torque.

Ia dikeluarkan dalam 3 warna pilihan yang menarik iaitu Sapphire Silver, Sunbeam Silver dan Knight Black.MANA PILIHAN ANDA?

Harga di atas jalan (OTR) ialah RM 93,888.00 sahaja.

2004 Nissan Terminator 350Z by Craig Lieberman Specifications

Chassis
Brakes F/R:ABS, vented disc/vented disc
Tires F-R:R19

Engine

Type:V6
Displacement cu in (cc):213 (3500)
Power bhp (kW) at RPM:n.a.
Torque lb-ft (Nm) at RPM:n.a.
Redline at RPM:n.a.

Exterior
Length × Width × Height in:n.a.
Weight lb (kg):n.a.

Performance
Acceleration 0-62 mph s:n.a.
Top Speed mph (km/h):n.a.
Fuel Economy EPA city/highway mpg (l/100 km):n.a.
Base Price: 2004 Nissan Terminator 350Z by Craig Lieberman - n.a. (last update: 2/20/2007)


Terminator 350Z
The car features custom built 19" HRE Wheels, Falken Tires and a VeilSide Version 3 body kit. For audio/video, the Terminator theme was integrated into the car which now features an assortment of Bazooka products. Other electronics include racing compass and switchgear by Ignited. The final touch was a 100 shot of nitrous, courtesy of Nitrous Express.

The New Garrett GT Racecar is Here!

PHOENIX (AZ) - After a pair of testing sessions on 1/8 mile tracks, the Garrett Turbochargers/Bothwell Racing Team were ready to step up and race the brand new Garrett GT Mustang. The venue would be the Pacific Street Car Association's Outlaw 10.5" Tire class. It would be a test of the new engine program, the Garrett GT55R, a new platform and rear-wheel drive racing against competitors who have had all season and, for some, years to shake down their cars. The freshly-wrapped hauler pulled into the parking lot at Firebird Raceway and unloaded a stunning 2006 Mustang GT sporting a matching blue and red vinyl wrap. Immediately, competing racers were stopping by to question the newcomers and find out what the team was bringing to the table.
What the Garrett GT Mustang brought was a number one qualifying position with an ET of 7.568 seconds at 180.50 mph during the second round of qualifying in which driver Ron Lummus gained his PSCA license. Two competing cars would take notice and push themselves past Ron's time in the final round of qualifications, but Ron would still enter Sunday's eliminations mid-pack at the #3 spot.

The first round would pit Ron against the yellow Camaro of driver S. Zeinaty, the #4 qualifier. Ron would dispatch the competition with an ET of 7.722 seconds at 180.26 mph to Zeinaty's 7.794 seconds at 193.10 mph.

Round two scheduled Ron for a battle against top qualifier Ron Weems and his Pontiac Grand Am. When Weems failed to make the call due to mechanical issues, Ron took the bye run and powered the car down the track in 7.872 seconds at 176.21 mph to take him to the finals against R. Zehring and his super-consistent Camaro.

Zehring's times had been faster than the Garrett Mustang's all day by half a second. Zehring was having difficulty making the staging lanes, but the Garrett/Bothwell team, always good sports, decided to wait for their opponent and have the Outlaw 10.5 class conclude the event rather than make a run without a competitor. Finally, Zehring's rust-colored Camaro was pulled to the line. As the Garrett GT55R spooled on the line with the sound of a jet fighter preparing for launch, the team knew it would be a tough race. Though Ron got the holeshot, it would not be enough to fend off Zehring's charge as last year's class champion raced past to finish in 7.147 seconds at 200.41 mph. Ron lifted and cruised to 8.284 seconds at 127.71 mph.

All in all, it was a great weekend.There is much more to learn about the new racecar and the Bothwell team is sure to examine the data and test ways to improve speed, traction and power before the next event in Fontana, CA on October 20. Making the finals at the first race is a promising start for the Garrett GT Mustang!
Check out the interview with Ron before the race at:http://www.streetlegaltv.com/index.php?stream=http://www.streetlegaltv.com/video/racecoverage/20071005_PSCA_AZ/20071005_Lummus_feat.flv&playlist=1
The team will be racing at Fontana, CA (Oct. 19-21), Las Vegas, NV (Nov 1-4), and back to Fontana, CA (Nov. 16-18). We hope to see you there!

2009 Nissan GT-R (Skyline)

2009 Nissan GT-R (Skyline) Specifications

Drivetrain
Transmission: 6 Speed DSG Manual
Layout:Front Engine, AWD
Final Drive Ratio: 3.70:1
Differential: 1.5 Way Mechanical Limited Slip
Brakes: Brembo 4 Wheel Disc - 15 in. Front and Rear

Engine
Horsepower: 480 hp @ 6400 rpm
Torque: 430 ft-lbs. @ 3200 rpm
Displacement: 3.8 liters
Engine Type: Twin Turbo 24V V6

Exterior
Length: 183.3 in
Width: 74.6 in
Height: 54 in
Wheelbase: 109.5 in
Performance: Acceleration 0-60 mph s3.3 sec
Drag Coefficient: 0.27
Base Price: 2009 Nissan Skyline GT-R - $69,850

The Evolution of Skyline: 2009 Nissan GT-R
The 2009 Nissan GT-R, the first Skyline GT-R model to be released in the United States, offers performance unlike any Nissan sports car in the history of the Japanese automaker. The "Skyline" moniker has officially been dropped, but the 2009 GT-R, which was delivered to its first US customers in July 2008, represents a new era for the Skyline GT-R, the most storied sports car in Japanese automotive history.

With exterior styling that is a departure from Nissan Skyline GT-R models of the past 20 years, the 2009 Nissan GT-R places performance function on the level with styling. Classic Skyline GT-R touches are found in the taillights and rear end, as well as in the flared rear fenders embracing 20 x 10.5 in. rear wheels.

No stock Skyline GT-R model in Nissan's history can touch the performance ability of the brand-new 2009 model. The Skyline, like other critical darling sports cars such as the BMW 3-Series, has always been about outputting greater performance than spec sheets and dyno numbers would indicate. The 2009 GT-R offers some of the most sophisticated electronic engine and drivetrain management found on any sports car in the world. Offering a stellar bang-for-the-buck ratio with a base price a hair under $70,000, the 2009 Nissan GT-R is already commanding siginificant price gouging over MSRP. All the official details appear below, direct from Nissan..

Turbochargers Explained: Blow off valve

HKS S.SQV KIT BLOW OFF VALVE

The HKS Super Sequential Blow-Off Valve (SQV) is a dual stage pull type relief valve. Unlike other blow off valves that are push type, the SQV will not leak under high boost conditions or under vacuum at idle. Being of a pull type valve structure, the SQV cannot physically leak under any level of boost because boost pressure also keeps the valve closed against its seat. The SQV is actuated by pressure alterations only, not by the rate of pressure or vacuum in the line, which ensures a quick valve response and complete closure during idle. On typical blow-off valve designs, a large valve is utilized in order to accommodate high boost / high horsepower applications. However, these large valves tend to react slowly and require high activation pressure to open, therefore are not able to activate and prevent compressor surge at light-load conditions. On the other hand, smaller, fast reacting valves do not discharge the airflow capacity required for high horsepower applications and tend to creep open and leak as the boost pressure overpowers the spring on these push type valves. For maximum performance, the HKS SQV incorporates both a small primary valve for ultra quick activation, along with a larger secondary valve for additional discharge capacity. The SQV is engineered to initially open the small primary valve at light throttle and load conditions, then sequentially opens the secondary valve for additional relief capacity under high boost and load conditions. The SQV is constructed of polished billet aluminium, which ensures long-term durability and visual appeal. The mounting base utilizes a circular mounting flange that provides exception flow and complete secure mounting via a C-clip snap ring and O-ring gasket. The triple-fin discharge port design produces a powerful and unique aggressive blow-off sound along with added visual distinction. The HKS SQV is available as a universal unit for custom applications and also by vehicle specific kits for bolt-on applications. Vehicle specific HKS SQV kits come complete with all needed mounting flanges, brackets, and miscellaneous hardware for a bolt-on installation. For Universal SQV applications, weld-on flanges are available in steel and aluminium for custom installation.

HKS Super SQV 2(Super Sequential Blow Off Valve)

Uses a unique sequential valve structure and a differential pressure control system, which allows for a broad operation range from low boost to high boost. (Latest Model)

Blitz Blow Off Valve

Perodua MYVI - Malaysian Modification

I've seen and heard of many strange things in all my years. You know that our highways are no stranger to being the final resting place for many dead mammals and reptiles, but have you ever seen a fish? Yes, a fish. I once saw a tilapia on the side of the road on the way to work; if I were in a comic strip there'd be "WTF" written all over my face.

Then a week after my encounter with the dead tilapia on Jalan Kuching, the boss tells me over a cigarette that he saw a monkeyummm "doing the Lambada" with a dog on his way in. Hrrmmm. It would be cool to see what a dog and monkey cross breed would look like.

But even that couldn't prepare me for what I was about to encounter with the pink Myvi being featured here: smiley face tyre valve caps. I bet the girls would LOVE these.

Another strange thing is that I'm writing this feature about an undeniably feminine looking car, Slipknot is going full blast on my headphones. (Can't have heavy metal blasting on the speakers at the office now, can we?) Heavy metal and a pink car just do not go together. Not at all.

When I first laid eyes on this Myvi from Redzone Motorsports, I was shocked. I was told it was a pink car, but I was not expecting a shade of pink as shocking as this. I'm not saying that I don't like the car, oh no, far from it. This is one of the best looking Myvis I've seen so far.

(The rest of the article can be found in Hypertune Vol. 59)
Text: Mark
Photos: Kenny Yeoh

Perodua Myvi 1.3(A) Specification

Engine K3-VE, 1.3 litre, DVVT, 4-cylinder, Redline air filter, SQV NA air compressor, Hurricane cold air intake, D1 VSD 16 volt boost up unit, D1 grounding cables and volt stabilizer, titanium and carbon exhaust muffler
Transmission Stock 4-speed automatic
Electronics Pivot Turbo Timer, 60mm black faced vacuum, RPM, and voltage gauges

Proton Savvy - Malaysian Moods.

"Size does not matter. It's how you move it. It's how it follows your moves".

The demands of average drivers compared to those who are more serious are expectedly different. At a pure business standpoint, volume will always take precedence over niche demands to rake in the profits, if not for statistical benefits. Comparisons of Proton's Savvy to Perodua's Myvi have been going on for quite a while with each camp throwing their points on the table. Debate is still on though at a lesser degree and i still can't believe people are wasting time with the issue. Of course the Savvy wins hands down!

In one of my correspondences with a Hypertune reader, he described the other car “is for aunties” and he was right. What's not to love about Savvy's brilliant handling? The engine might be a little too lightweight for most drivers liking but that's what the rigid chassis is for, max out the engine speed and take a corner like a roadrunner possessed. The Campro engine just makes the sure the driver won't too easily overpower the car itself, sort of like a built-in safety mechanism.

Unfortunately, the same Campro engine, or any Campro engine for that matter is practically impossible to tune. Average Sunway tuners might be interested to try but they are probably too busy fixing bolt-ons and finding more space to store their carbon fiber. So i guess it all depends on R3 then, which in a way prompted for a feature on this ride.

Not to say that its' powerplant has been tinkered with but also bear in mind that the motorsports division is known to keep a tight-lip on their R&D efforts, especially when the public is not asking. In an interview i had with them published some issues back, they are indeed looking at ways to wring more performance from the Neo. Let's not forget about their Gen.2s in rally and track cars too.

This car actually belongs to R3's media manager, Amin and does prove a point that it does not take much to turn the standard Savvy to a groovy Savvy. Their in-house bodykit is an instant and effective method in bringing out the true character of the car. The Zerokit body appendages makes the profile lower while at the same time accentuates the flared wheel arches tellingly. What i love most about it is the front part with a forward pointing lower lip that gives the 'plouging ahead' term a whole new meaning. A Zerokitted Savvy should really be featured in the coming 'Transformers' movie but probably my suggestion to the production house came in a little too late.

Other Proton Rides

Proton Savvy Specs:

Engine: Standard 1.2 kiter, 4-cylinder 16-valve D4F

Performance: Maximum Power: 74 hp (55 kW) / 5,500 rpm

Maximum Torque: 105 Nm / 4,250 rpm

Fuel System: Multi-point fuel injection

Suspension : Front: MacPherson strut coil spring & stabilizer bar

Rear: Torsion beam axle

Brakes: Front: 13" ventilated disc Rear: Drum

Tires : Yokohama AVS Sport 195/45/15

Alloys : Enkei RS Class M

Car of the Year 2009: Insignia wins by one point

In the very closest of contests, the Opel/Vauxhall Insignia emerged victorious as Car of the Year 2009 with 321 points against the 320 for the Ford Fiesta. The Volkswagen Golf took third place with 223 points.(See the Voting Grid)

OPEL/VAUXHALL INSIGNIA

The Insignia is the first Opel to win in 22 years but General Motors’ European company has been runner-up four times – and in 2007 the Opel Corsa lost by just two points to the Ford S-Max. Ford has won the award five times but this is the second occasion it has lost by one point.

This year’s narrow victory emphasizes the high level of this year’s competition, which has 37 initial candidates and seven finalists. Of the 59 car of the Year jurors representing 23 European countries, 20 gave the Insignia top points, while 19 put the Fiesta in first place.

Opel has defined Insignia design as artistry with German precision: premium values at an affordable price. Many Jury members appreciated the looks and visual quality of this model but the new C/D car from Russelsheim is much more than style. Active and passive safety, comfort and a wide array of efficient engines characterize this model. The richness of equipment can be increased with sophisticated options such as the ‘Opel Eye’, that reads road signals, FlexRide suspension and nine-mode Adaptive Forward Lighting.

Technical data of 2009 car of the year:
Body: 4/5-door saloons, Sports Tourer wagon
Size: 4.83 X 1.86 X 1.50 m.
Front and four wheel drive
Petrol engines: 1.6 to 2.8 V6 Turbo (115 - 280 hp)
Diesel engines: 2.0 Turbo (110 - 190 hp)

More details visit.. http://www.caroftheyear.org/pages/Coty09.htm#

Turbocharger: Recommendations For Servicing and Care

What is good for a turbocharger?

The turbocharger is designed such that it will usually last as long as the engine. It does not require any special maintenance; and inspection is limited to a few periodic checks.

To ensure that the turbocharger's lifetime corresponds to that of the engine, the following engine manufacturer's service instructions must be strictly observed:

1. Oil change intervals
2. Oil filter system maintenance
3. Oil pressure control
4. Air filter system maintenance

What is bad for a turbocharger?

90 % of all turbocharger failures are due to the following causes:

1. Penetration of foreign bodies into the turbine or the compressor
2. Dirt in the oil
3. Inadequate oil supply (oil pressure/filter system)
4. High exhaust gas temperatures (ignition system/injection system)

These failures can be avoided by regular maintenance. When maintaining the air filter system, for example, care should be taken that no tramp material gets into the turbocharger.

Failure diagnosis

If the engine does not operate properly, one should not assume that the turbocharger is the cause of failure. It often happens that fully functioning turbochargers are replaced even though the failure does not lie here, but with the engine.
Before looking for faults in the turbocharger, the following points should be checked:

Power loss or black smoke:

1. Is the air filter dirty?
2. Is the engine compression too low?
3. Is the injection system operating correctly?

Blue smoke:

1. Is the PCV (positive crankcase ventilation) system operating correctly?
2. Are the compression ratios correct?
3. Are the spark plugs in good condition?
4. Is the oil drain free?

Only after all these points have been checked should one check the turbocharger for faults. Since the turbocharger components are manufactured on high-precision machines to close tolerances and the wheels rotate up to 300,000 rpm, turbochargers should be inspected by qualified specialists only

Top 10 Most Expensive Cars To Insure

Car insurance: love it or loath it, if you own a car it's as sure as death and taxes. We all get that feeling that we're paying too much for our car insurance, but how much do some people really pay? We're going to cheer ourselves up by looking at the most expensive to insure cars in the world.

1.Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution There have been ten versions to date, all of them share a two litre, turbocharged engine and four-wheel drive system in common. Evolution models prior to version V were the officially-approved models for Mitsubishi's efforts in the World Rally Championship. Because of its racing roots this car is considered high risk and is very expensive to insure.

2.Mercedes CL-Class The Mercedes-Benz CL-Class is a grand tourer produced by the German automaker Mercedes-Benz. The most powerful model of the CL is also the most expensive Mercedes-branded vehicle on the market, costing up to $197,775. The car's cost alone is reason enough for the high price of insurance, but because it's so expensive it's is also one of the world's cars most targeted by criminals.

3.Dodge SRT-4 The reason Dodge's car has made it into this list is hinted at in what SRT stands for, "Street and Racing Technology". This car is bought by people because it handles like a race car to be driven like a race car, but places where it shouldn't be, like on busy roads in towns and cities. Owning one is almost a declaration that your going to be driving quickly and recklessly, and as the car doesn't come cheap the insurance premiums have to be able to cover the risk.

4.Subaru Impreza WRX The Subaru Impreza WRX, is a turbocharged version of the Subaru Impreza. Compared to the base Impreza, the WRX has wider low-profile tires, larger brakes, and firmer, higher quality suspension components. Because of this, the car is popular among car enthusiasts for its handling capabilities.

5.Jaguar XK The Jaguar XK is another long distance purpose built car by legendary British manufacturer Jaguar. Like all Jaguar cars it's expensive and fast, two qualities in any car that'll guarantee to scare insurers.

6.Lexus IS 300 The Lexus IS 300 is considered and entry level luxury car. The interior features leather seats, lightsaber-like electroluminescent dash display lighting, and the choice of metallic or Bird's Eye Maple wood trim. Lexus SmartAccess keyless entry with push-button start is a standard feature. The Lexus car can be considered the ultimate in expensive boys toys.

7.Honda S2000 This is another expensive, rare and fast car. Launched in April 1999, the S2000 was created to celebrate the Honda's 50th anniversary. The new Honda S2000 CR became available in the fall of 2007. The S2000's price starts at $36,300.

8.Acura RSX The Acura RSX is sold by Honda in North America and Hong Kong. There are several models and make of the car which can confuse matters. The Acura RSX is meant as an entry-level luxury sports car and as such is an expensive car to insure.

9.Nissan 350Z The Nissan 350Z is another luxury sports car intended to be the less expensive, but still expensive, option for car enthusiasts. The 350Z is available as 2 door coupé and roadster.

10.Jaguar XJ The Jaguar XJ is a luxury saloon and flagship model sold under the British Jaguar luxury marquee. The car is known as the choice of wealthy people around the world and, although the style is dated, it is still considered a top of the range car with a powerful engine.

Enjin Turbo.

Enjin turbo berfungsi dengan membekalkan udara tambahan ke dalam engin untuk menghasilkan pembakaran yang lebih sempurna. Bekalan udara ini berfungsi untuk menghasilkan pembakaran yang sempurna di dalam engin, dengan itu dapat meningkatkan lagi kuasa yang dihasilkan engin. Enjin turbo yang awal pada mulanya hanya berfungsi untuk mengepam udara tambahan kedalam enjin dengan mengunakan kipas dibahagian ekzos. Putaran kipas itu akan menggerakkan pam udara turbo dengan bantuan shaf penyambung, dengan itu memastikan jumlah udara yang keluar melalui ekzos sama jumlahnya dengan udara yang di pam masuk kedalam enjin. Bagaimanapun sekiranya kemasukan udara ke dalam enjin berlebihan, ini boleh merosakkan enjin. Oleh itu, satu alat pelepas angin tambahan yang dikenali sebagai "Westgate" perlu dipasang untuk mengelakkan kejadian ini. Peralatan "Westgate" akan bertindak bagi memastikan jumlah udara yang dipam masuk ke dalam enjin tidak melebihi had yang ditetapkan.

Udara yang dimampatkan akan menjadi panas dengan itu pemampatan udara oleh enjin turbo akan meningkatkan suhu udara yang masuk kedalam enjin. Keadaan ini akan menjadikan enjin menjadi cepat panas. Untuk memastikan engin tidak terlalu cepat menjadi lampau panas (overheat), udara yang dipam masuk perlu disejukkan dengan menggunakan sistem intercooler. Intercooler akan di pasang pada bahagian hadapan kenderaan yang dipasang dengan sistem turbo bagi menyejukkan udara yang masuk sebelum dipam masuk ke dalam enjin.

Selain daripada peralatan yang dipasang untuk memastikan sistem turbo berfungsi dengan baik, enjin turbo juga perlu penjagaan rapi agar dapat tahan lama. Sekiranya engin berkuasa turbo dimatikan dengan mengejut, pam tidak lagi mengepam minyak pelincir ke sistem turbo. Keadaan ini meningkatkan lagi geseran di dalam engin turbo, yang akan meningkatkan lagi kadar kehausan sistem turbo dan merosakkan komponent sistem turbo dalam jangka masa panjang.

Oleh itu, bagi mengelakkan keadaan ini, enjin berkuasa turbo perlu distabilkan dengan membiarkan ia bertenang selama 20 hingga 30 saat selepas berhenti sebelum mematikan enjin. Bagi mereka yang tidak mahu atau tidak mempunyai masa untuk menunggu sebelum mematikan enjin, satu alat yang dikenali sebagai jangka turbo (turbo timer) boleh dipasang. Alat itu boleh ditetapkan untuk mematikan enjin selepas masa yang dihadkan berlalu.

Selain itu, enjin berkuasa turbo juga perlu dipanaskan sebelum memulakan perjalanan bagi memastikan minyak pelincir telah disebarkan keseluruh enjin secara menyeluruh. Ini adalah untuk memastikan enjin turbo tahan lebih lama dan mampu memberikan perkhidmatan yang optima. Sebagaimana enjin lain, minyak pelincir perlu dijaga agar enjin tahan lama. Untuk enjin berkuasa turbo, adalah disarankan pengguna menggunakan minyak pelincir yang tahan suhu tinggi, terutamanya minyak buatan (sintatik).

Sekiranya sesuatu enjin turbo itu dijaga dengan baik, enjin turbo tersebut mampu meningkatkan kuasa enjin lebih daripada enjin biasa yang mempunyai kuasa kuda yang sama. Anda pasti merasakan perbezaannya setelah mencubanya. Cuma anda perlulah rajin menjaganya dengan teliti agar enjin turbo anda sentiasa memberikan perkhidmatan yang terbaik bagi anda. Dengan ini anda kini telah tahu serba sedikit berkenaan enjin turbo. Sekian sahaja dari saya. Wasallam.Please visit our friends site. http://www.geocities.com/semua_hal/FaktaEnjinTurbo.html

What Does Your Car Radiator Do? Turbo charger application???

The principle behind the internal combustion engine is that a mix of fuel and air is ignited inside the cylinders and by compressing and expanding this mix, extremely powerful forces are resulted, forces that are converted to the car's wheels, moving the car forward.

The bigger the compression is, the larger will be the engine's power output. And this is what everybody wants, more power from the engine, more speed and better handling. If you choose to install a turbo charger, you will increase the engine's power significantly.

But all these methods of increasing the car's power output have a series of downsides and an incredible amount of heat is the most important one. Heat is the number one enemy of mechanical components and even if car engine's is designed to handle these incredible high temperatures, if these levels get out of control, the engine will definitely break.

Car engineers tried to find answers to removing this heat from the engine and their outcome was the water-cooled radiator. The car's cooling system is one of the car's most important elements and keeping it in perfect condition is the key behind a reliable car. It is the radiator's job to remove the heat from the engine and it should work at maximum efficiency even in extreme conditions. The car's engine can quickly overheat if there is any problem with the car's cooling system and this peril is especially higher in very slow moving traffic or during hot, summer days.
The radiator is a large matrix of small pipes, and when the coolant passes through the cooling cores of the radiator, it cools down, eliminating the heat it has accumulated from the engine. The conclusion is the bigger the radiator, the large amount of heat it can remove from the engine...turbo forever.

Hydrogen Engine Kits For Cars - Avail of the Benefits From Your Car's Hydrogen Engine Kit

When you are looking for hydrogen engine kits for cars, you can find plenty of manufacturers on the web. The basic concept of hydrogen-ran vehicles is taking water and converting it to "brown gas," which is also called hydroxy gas or HHO. This type of gas already exists and has been implemented within combustion engines, ever since the '50s. All throughout the world, there are several car owners who are using homemade HHO cells for their vehicles. This goes especially true in the United States, United Kingdom, and Japan, where hundreds of cars are powered with hydroxy gas. Nowadays, more and more trucking industries are discovering the benefits of HHO kits.

Making Hydrogen Extraction Use Up Lesser Energy--and Money

Through hydrogen engine kits, your vehicle is burning water instead of harmful petroleum fuels. This is an opportunity that you should not let pass since there are several advantages that you can get when you run a car on water. Researchers and manufacturers are looking for ways to extract hydrogen without spending too much. During the present time, hydrogen extraction is cheape.

Electric Car Hybrids for 2009

It's hard to believe that the Toyota Prius hybrid went on sale in Japan in 1997. With the current energy crunch more and more car manufacturers are developing "greener" versions of their well-known brands. The infusion of Hybrid technology has made a big splash in the motoring world and its popularity as well as the growing concern for the environment has added to the demand for this type of vehicles, urging more vehicle manufacturers to add more of their vehicles in the hybrid bandwagon to capture more potential consumers in the market. Some build electric cars with no gas backup - just plug and go.

In 2007 Toyota added to it's hybrid car lineup with the Toyota Camry Hybrid, the third in Toyota's Hybrid vehicles. The Camry hybrid boasts of the performance of a top notch six-cylinder engine with the fuel economy of a four-cylinder engine. Although it is not as fuel efficient as the first Toyota hybrid, the Prius, the Camry hybrid is a whole lot better than the regular Camry. Since then Toyota has expanded its lineup again
Never to be left behind, giant Japanese car manufacture Honda, has also the Hybrid Accord and the Hybrid Civic. These two sedans offer what Hybrids are known for, less emission and less fuel consumption. They have plans for a new car in 2009.

The 2008 Honda Accord Hybrid alone combines luxury and fuel efficiency that is truly environment friendly. Even with a V6 engine that generates 253 horsepower, you can be sure that you will get more miles to the gallon. It is a nice change knowing that you get the luxury and power that you want and still get the fuel economy that we all deserve.
Then there is the 2008 Civic Hybrid which continuously provides the true essence of hybrid technology. Its ingenious engineering has rightly earned it its Advanced Technology Partial Zero-Emission Vehicle (AT-PZEV) rating. What this means is that you don't only get from point A to point B in less gas usage, but also save the environment by not adding to the air pollutants already swarming over it.

Joining the Hybrid car race in 2007 is General Motors second Hybrid vehicle, the 2007 Satrun Aura Hybrid sedan. This will be competing with other high-end hybrid cars such as the Toyota Camry Hybrid and the Honda Accord Hybrid. Sporting a V6 engine as well, the Aura Green Line is dedicated to providing utmost engine power with minimal gas consumption. Its engineers claim that it will be able to generate 20 percent savings in fuel economy over its conventional model. They have added the Saturn Vue for 2008, with upgrades planned for 2009 and 2010, such as plug-in capable. Nissan entered the market with the 2007 Altima Hybrid and has a totally new model planned for 2010. In a deal inked with Toyota, Nissan will be dedicating five years into the project with the Hybrid Technology developed by Toyota. Volkswagen, not to be left behind has a new Touareg hybrid planned for 2009, and the 2010 Chevy Volt plug and play electric car.

The one thing they all have is common is that the initial costof ther electric car portion of the build is about $4,000-$5,000 more than the equivalent standard car. Even with $4 per gallon gasoline the improved mileage, anywhere from 9 mpg for the Honda Civic or 14 mpg for the Toyota Prius, does not provide a payback on the additional investment. It is a pretty much break even scenario - except for the impact on fossil fuel usage and pollution, which is the main reason most people will opt for the new green machines. With more and more vehicle manufacturers realizing the potential of Hybrid vehicles, it wont be long before every car produced will be infused with the Hybrid technology. And as oil prices continue to soar and concerns for the environment are ever growing, we can all be sure that these vehicles will be welcomed with open arms.
If you want to covert your car to an all electric vehicle go to http://www.electriccarbuild.info
JT is a developer, investor and engineer. Visit this website at http://www.electriccarbuild.inf

Perodua ViVA ELITE: a new look for the Viva

Perodua launched the new Perodua ViVA Elite today, aimed at offering the market a variant with a more stylish image compared to the original ViVA. It is an aesthetic modification in the style of the Myvi SE, and at the same time they’ve revamped the model line-up a little.
The ViVA was first introduced with 660cc, 850cc, 1,000cc and 1,000cc premium variants. Now it has restructured the model lineup, offering the 660 BX MT, 660 EX MT, 850 MT, 1.0 AT, 1.0 ELITE MT, 1.0 ELITE AT, and the 1.0 ELITE EZi. That’s three different variants for the new ViVA ELITE.

Externally, the ViVA Elite has its own front bumper with integrated foglamps, front grille and its own engine hood design. On the side you’ll see chrome door handles, side skirts, and 14 inch 12-spoke alloy wheels. On the back you’ll see a new rear bumper with a honeycomb grille design, and the 1.0 ELITE EZi model (note, this is different from the ELITE AT) gets an additional rear spoiler. The windows of the ViVA Elite also feature a UV protection coating that is said to reject 91% of UV rays.

On the inside you get a new 1-DIN head unit with MP3 and WMA support, an underside tray under the passenger seat, seat backpockets, a new seat fabric design, and fabric trim on the door panels. All ViVA ELITE models will get seat height adjusters for the driver’s seat, and electrically adjustable side mirrors. On the ELITE EZi, these side mirrors are also electrically retractable and have integrated turn signals.

Only the ViVA 1.0 ELITE EZi gets a full load of safety features including dual SRS airbags for the front, ABS brakes, EBD and Brake Assist. Power steering is also only available on the ELITE models. The other non-Elite models are left with just basic features such as reverse sensors on the 850 and 1.0 model, and a CD player on the 660 EX, 850 and 1.0 model. The following are the prices for the new Perodua ViVA range including the non-Elite models:
· Perodua ViVA Elite M/T - RM37,900
· Perodua ViVA Elite A/T - RM40,900
· Perodua ViVA Elite EZi - RM44,900
· Perodua ViVA 1.0 AT - RM36,900
· Perodua ViVA 850 MT - RM32,900
· Perodua ViVA 660 EX MT - RM28,900
· Perodua ViVA 660 BX MT - RM25,300

proton exora - new MPV from malaysia

Pada 17 hb. Feb. 2009, Proton Holdings Bhd (Proton) telah mengumumkan pelancaran MPV terbaru. Proton MPV Exora yang mempunyai 7 tempat duduk dilancarkan dengan harga kurang dari RM80,000 dan bertemakan ‘Keriangan Keluarga’ dan bersesuaian untuk yang mempunyai ahli keluarga yang ramai. Nama Exora dipilih daripada 251 ribu penyertaan oleh orang ramai hasil pertandingan yang dilancarkan pembuat kereta nasional itu.

Proton MPV Exora ini didatangkan dengan 5 warna pilihan iaitu, Genetic Silver, Tranquility Black, Blue Haze, Pyrite Brown dan Gaia Blue. Datuk Syed Zainal Abidin Syed Mohamed Tahir (Proton Managing Director) berkata proton mensasarkan penjualan bulanan sebanyak 3000 - 3500 unit dan pengeluaran penuh bermula bulan april. Pada bulan july, MPV Exora akan dipasarkan ke Indonesia dan Thailand pula.

Mulai sabtu (21hb Feb 2009) dengan RM1,000 anda sudah boleh menempahnya. Kita lihat saingan antara Nissan Grand Livina, Mitsubishi Grandis dan yang sewaktu denganya.

HONDA CIVIC REVIEW

Since its launch in 1973, the Honda Civic has been one of the most popular compact cars sold in America. Its success can be attributed to its consistently high level of fit and finish and an impressive reputation for reliability and low running costs. High fuel economy, environmental awareness and engaging performance have also played a large role in making the Honda Civic a top choice for many Americans.

The current Civic is the best yet. It is the most powerful and the most fuel-efficient, and comes in a wide range of models. It is also the most radically designed Civic to date, inside and out. For small car shoppers looking for a used vehicle, the Civic is again a smart choice, as its long production run and wide range of models make it easy to find what you want.

Current Honda Civic

The current Civic is available as a coupe or sedan. Both styles share five main trim levels: base DX, LX, EX, EX-L and Si. The sedan also features DX Value Package, LX-S, Hybrid and GX trim levels. All trims get a broad range of safety features, such as antilock brakes, front-seat side airbags and full-length side curtain airbags. In terms of premium features, the DX is pretty limited, and you'll have to jump up to the higher trims to get amenities such as air-conditioning and power accessories.

All trims but the Si are powered by a 1.8-liter four-cylinder engine, which makes 140 horsepower. A five-speed manual transmission is standard and a five-speed automatic is optional. Driving enthusiasts might want to take a look at the Civic Si. Offered in both coupe and sedan body styles, the Si is powered by a high-revving 2.0-liter four-cylinder engine that pumps out 197 hp. It comes exclusively with a close-ratio six-speed manual transmission.

The Civic GX is powered by a 113-hp 1.8-liter four-cylinder engine that runs on clean-burning compressed natural gas. The Civic Hybrid features Honda's latest Integrated Motor Assist system, which consists of a 1.3-liter four-cylinder gas engine and a 20-hp electric motor. Total output is 110 hp. The Hybrid comes exclusively with a continuously variable transmission (CVT) and its EPA-estimated fuel economy is 40 mpg city and 45 mpg highway.

In reviews and road tests, our editors found the Honda Civic to be a well-rounded car. Inside, this Civic has a dramatic-looking interior that features a two-tier dashboard layout. A digital speedometer sits on top of the dash, while the tachometer sits underneath. Honda has tuned the coupe to feel sportier than the sedan. Both are fun to drive, with quick steering and impressive handling. The 1.8-liter engine won't overwhelm anyone, but it provides enough power for comfortable city driving. The Hybrid gets fantastic fuel mileage, and the GX is impressively clean, but both suffer from slow acceleration.

Past Honda Civics

The current Honda Civic represents the eighth generation of this popular car, first introduced for the 2006 model year. All current body styles and trim combinations were available that year, except for the Si sedan, which debuted for '07. The following year saw a limited-edition Mugen Si model and the addition of a leather upholstery option. For '09, the LX-S and DX Value Package trims debuted along with a minor exterior refreshening.

Previous to the current model was the seventh-generation Honda Civic, which was sold from 2001-'05. There were coupe and sedan body styles as well as a two-door hatchback. Honda offered its typical mainstream trims -- DX, LX and EX -- plus a few specialty trims such as VP, HX, SE and Hybrid. The hatchback came only in the Si trim. Most models had a 1.7-liter engine good for 117 hp or 127 hp (EX). The Civic Hybrid mated an 85-hp 1.3-liter four-cylinder gas engine to a 13-hp electric motor and offered the best fuel economy of the lineup. The Civic Si produced 160 hp from its 2.0-liter engine. At the time, we commented favorably about the car's fuel-efficient engines, roomy interior and top safety scores but were disappointed by the limited availability of antilock brakes.

Sold from 1996-2000, the sixth-generation Civic was in many ways a refinement of the style and technology found on the previous generation. Coupe, sedan and hatchback body styles were available. Sedans were offered in DX, LX and EX trim levels. Engine choices were a 1.6-liter good for 106 hp in the DX and LX or 127 hp in the VTEC-equipped EX. There was also a higher-fuel-economy coupe, the 115-hp HX. Honda didn't release an Si trim until 1999. Based on the coupe body style, the Si was powered by a high-performance 1.6-liter engine tuned to put out 160 hp.
Honda's VTEC technology first appeared in the fifth-generation Civic, which was sold from 1992-'95. The Civic VX featured a fuel-efficient 92-hp 1.5-liter four-cylinder with VTEC-E. More powerful was the 125-hp 1.6-liter four-cylinder VTEC engine found in the Civic Si and EX sedan trims. First sold only in hatchback and sedan body styles, the fifth-gen Honda Civic got two coupe trims in 1993, the DX and EX. The lower CX and DX trims each had a 70-hp 1.5-liter four-cylinder engine.

What is a Fuel Pressure Regulator? Why & When do you need one?

What is a Fuel Pressure Regulator?

EFI fuel pressure regulators come in various shapes and sizes but all have the same purpose - to maintain a constant fuel pressure above the intake manifold pressure. The difference in pressure between the fuel rail and intake manifold or differential pressure across the injector should be maintained at a level to suit optimum injector operation.

Why and When do you need to install a Fuel Pressure Regulator?

The installation of an aftermarket fuel pressure regulator allows for the adjustment of fuel pressure to suit larger aftermarket injectors and other engine modifications. They are also necessary to regulate and flow increased volumes of fuel pumped by high flow aftermarket fuel pumps.

Fuel pressure regulator, which works with the fuel pump to maintain a steady pressure relationship between the fuel line side of the injectors and the intake manifold.
Most adjustable regulators are still one to one or close to that, however you can adjust the pressure at idle or full throttle for fine tuning. There is one other type of regulator that is used with aftermarket forced induction. These are rising rate regulators commonly called FMU's (fuel management unit). These regulators increase fuel pressure at a multiplication factor of boost. So instead of messing with complicated computers and injection duty cycles, these systems just increase fuel pressure to add fuel. They go inline down from the factory regulators and only start to add pressure under boost. So when you are off boost, you maintain factory tuning and drivability. Only as you get boost does the FMU begin to increase fuel pressure

Return Flow vs Base Pressure

· Ideally a fuel pressure regulator will provide a constant pressure differential across the injectors. Base pressure has been defined as the difference between the fuel rail pressure and the manifold pressure. This is the actual pressure across the injector that affects the amount of fuel flowing through the injector when it is open.

· If the base pressure is constant this will aid in tuning by reducing the number of variables the tuner must account for.

· The fuel pressure regulator should have the same base pressure at a given setting for all return flow rates through the regulator.

· The return flow through a regulator can vary from maximum return flow at idle to approximately 25% of the return flow at full throttle and maximum rpm. For example the test RX7 would return 6L/min at idle and 1.5L/min at 7000 rpm full throttle.

· The base pressure is typically tuned at idle when the most fuel is being returned.

· If large aftermarket pumps (or high volumes of fuel – eg alcohol based) are used this can mean the regulator is causing a restriction in flow at idle.

· This means that when the regulator is being tuned there is an increase is pressure due to the restriction in flow. This is caused by the regulator having to return too much fuel for its design. In effect the base pressure in then being set with a combination of spring pressure and pressure build up due to the flow.

· At higher load & rpm there is less fuel being returned through the regulator and the pressure increase due to the restriction in flow will be removed (as the regulator is designed to flow this flow rate) causing a drop in base pressure under these conditions.

· This drop is because without the restriction due to too much flow the regulator is only using spring pressure to regulate.

· The RX7 tested with twin bosch pumps give a good illustration of this effect with the TREG giving the most stable base pressure and competitors base pressure dropping by up to 4 psi

· Bench testing has also confirmed this relationship between regulated pressure and fuel flow.

The All New HKS Turbo Timer

HKS USA, Inc., celebrating its 35th year as the premier manufacturer and supplier of automotive performance systems and parts, is proud to announce the ninth generation of the HKS Turbo Timer available for sale on September 10th, 2008.In 1982 HKS introduced the world’s first Turbo Timer to assist in cooling down the turbocharger to prevent oil coking in the center bearing cartridge assembly. Oil "coking" occurs when a turbocharger is not properly cooled down and the oil that normally lubricates the center cartridge heats up and forms solidified oil deposits. A turbo timer allows an engine to idle for a preset amount of time after the ignition key has been turned to the off position and removed. By allowing a turbocharged engine to idle, oil continues to pass through the turbo until it has cooled down to the point where oil "coking" will not occur. Re-designed for 2008, the all new Turbo Timer Type-0 and Type-1 feature a new, slim low profile design with a separate LCD display and control unit following the same design concepts as the current HKS EVC and A/F Knock Amp.


The Turbo Timer Type-0 features a red LCD backlit display for easy visibility, 2 timer modes, and a battery voltage meter with a peak value indication and warning function.The Turbo Timer Type-1 features a light blue LCD backlit display and has the same basic timing and voltage features as the Type-0 plus several monitoring and measurement functions. The Turbo Timer Type-1 features an Auto mode for the timer function allowing the Turbo Timer to automatically calculate optimum idling time according to the most recent driving pattern. Vehicle speed and RPM can be displayed on the Type-1's LCD monitor and a speed warning level can be set. A two-stage RPM warning can also be set and used as a shift indicator. When a warning level is reached the Type-1's LCD monitor will blink and an audible beep will sound. The HKS Turbo Timer Type-1 also features various measurement functions including 1/4 mile timer, 0-60 timer and a stopwatch function that can be used for lap timing. The Turbo-Timer Type-1 can read in either MPH/SAE or KPH/Metric.The new HKS Turbo Timers are compatible with all HKS Turbo Timer harnesses to make for an easy installation.\

Grand Lavina Launch at Malaysia

Edaran Tan Chong Motor Sdn Bhd (ETCM) launched today the all-new Nissan Grand Livina, one of a family of new global models from the company.

The Grand Livina is a mid-size 7-seater MPV, designed and engineered in the Nissan Technical Center in Atsugi, Japan, first introduced in China in 2006 followed by Indonesia, Taiwan & South Africa this year.Aside from its elegant and modern design coupled with its luxurious and versatile interior, the Grand Livina provides a sedan-like ride, comfort and handling that is unparalleled in this class of mid-size MPVs - hence it's communication tagline, "Drive's Like A Sedan, Fits Like A MPV". The Grand Livina also comes with new generation Nissan engines that offer brisk performance coupled with exceptional fuel economy to meet the needs of Malaysian drivers.

Using a monocoque body structure, the Grand Livina is powered by either a 1.8L MR engine or 1.6L HR engine with CVTC (continuously variable valve timing control) for improved performance and fuel efficiency. The 1.8L model comes with the choice of a four-speed automatic transmission while the 1.6L version is equipped with either a four-speed automatic transmission or five-speed manual transmission.

Price range : On-the-road prices (inclusive of insurance, road tax, registration fee and ownership claim fee) valid for Peninsular Malaysia will be from RM82,800 to RM95,300 (from USD 24,800 to USD 28,600).

In Malaysia, the Grand Livina is assembled at the Serendah plant of Tan Chong Motor Assemblies Sdn. Bhd.(TCMA). This new facility started production from August, 2007. TCMA invested 67 million US dollars for the new plant and has fully implemented the Nissan Production Way (NPW) which is Nissan’s international standard for global quality manufacturing and vehicle assembly.

“Today, we are very excited to introduce the 1st non-national CKD medium-size MPV in the 1.6 Liter & 1.8 Liter segment. We aim to capture 15% of the total MPV market with the Grand Livina and, in all, the Grand Livina is expected to contribute to as much as 30% of ETCM’s total sales,” said Dato’ DR Ang Bon Beng, Executive Director of Edaran Tan Chong Motor Sdn Bhd. “Grand Livina provides sedan-intenders an alternative choice for a high-quality and modern design with spacious and flexible seating.”

With momentum in new markets, Nissan plans to introduce this new family of global vehicles to more countries. During 2008, the Grand Livina will be introduced in the Philippines and the Livina into Indonesia. For each of those markets, the vehicles will be manufactured locally.